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'<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170730/3-1FI01T102I3.jpg" style="width: 640px; height: 391px;" /></span><br />
<span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微軟雅黑, 黑體, Arial; font-size: 14px;">專業咖啡師交流 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style )</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size:16px;">在花費13億美金從臺灣統一企業手中買回上海星巴克經營權之後，星巴克總裁兼執行長Kevin Johnson發表公開聲明稱，“把星巴克在中國的業務統整起來，將增強我們對這塊市場的投入。”</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">不過，這僅是官方說法。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">從過去的經驗看，統一不是第一個被美國星巴克收回經營權的企業，這場交易只是美國星巴克經營手法的一個習慣性動作。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">星巴克成立於1971年，約在1990年代前後開始跨國經營，他們的經營模式較彈性、靈活、通常是以美國總部在各地星巴克所持的股份比例爲依據，主要包括獨資、合資、許可及授權四種模式。</span></p>
<blockquote>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">1.獨資自營： 星巴克佔100%股權，如日本、英國、泰國與澳洲等；<br />
2.合資公司： 星巴克佔50%股權，比如交易前的上海；<br />
3.許可協議： 星巴克只佔少數股權，一般爲5%，如臺灣初期的投資；<br />
4.授權經營： 星巴克不佔股份，只是純粹授權經營；如菲律賓、新加坡、馬來西亞及香港等。</span></p>
</blockquote>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">1998年3月，星巴克在臺灣開設第一家店，由美國星巴克與統一超商、統一企業分別持股5%、50%、45%；2000年5月，統一超商與統一企業再以合資模式取得中國江浙地區的經營權，成立“上海統一星巴克”。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">當時，星巴克在中國有三家合作伙伴：北京美大咖啡代理中國北方的星巴克；統一集團代理上海、杭州與蘇州等地；香港、深圳則由香港美心集團代理。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">然而， 美國星巴克一旦看好某個區域的市場，就會加大投資，將持股比例增到50%，甚至全數買回 。舉例來說，2015年，美國星巴克以約9.13億美元收回日本代理權，包含當時的合作伙伴Sazaby League的39.5%股份，改爲獨資自營。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">在中國這塊持續擴張的市場，美國星巴克就在2006年收回北京美大集團的經營權；到了2011年，美國星巴克向香港美心集團買回中國廣東、海南、四川、陝西等地區的星巴克股權，但是售出港澳兩地星巴克的股份給香港美心，讓他們百分之百持有經營。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">如今，美國星巴克也是循着“香港模式”，向統一集團買回上海星巴克股權。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">不過，以13億美金鉅額收購，是星巴克史上最大的交易金額，引起外界的各種討論。最有共識是看法是：美國星巴克確信，中國市場將會是未來幾年星巴克的主要業績動能，所以收回經營權，全力投注資源。</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">一般認爲，中國日益增多的中產階級和都市化，將會爲星巴克帶來龐大的潛在咖啡消費者。彭博智庫分析研究中心（Bloomberg Intelligence）分析師Jennifer Bartashus表示， 星巴克在進入新市場時，會採取與當地企業合資的方式，花時間學習當地市場，最後再納入自家旗下 ，“有鑑於星巴克對於中國抱持的高度期待，這真的不是很令人意外，他們會想要儘可能地控制當地的門市。”</span></p>
<p>
<span style="font-size:16px;">美國星巴克計劃在2021年，能將中國的門市從目前的2800家，擴張到5000家。從北京、香港，到上海，星巴克逐步整並中國市場，可見他們對中國市場的期待。然而，中國雖然是星巴克在美國以外，成長最快速的市場，但未來的經營成效都還是個未知數。未來，就讓我們拭目以待，星巴克這步棋，走得對不對。</span></p>
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'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '1',
'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '323',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-7yuezixun.html',
'total' => 1,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
| urlrule |
'/views-107597-[page].html' |
| fix_html_now_url |
'' |
| my_web_url |
'https://gafei.com/views-107597' |
| get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '107597',
'm' => 'index',
) |
